A Dolls House Study Guide Essays

A Dolls House Study Guide Essays A Dolls House Study Guide Paper A Dolls House Study Guide Paper Exposition Topic: A Dolls House In a difficult situation Stories of Black Women The way that Nora pays the watchman twice shows Norms inefficient propensity, predict bringing down this may prompt issues later on. 2. It additionally shows that Nora is faithful to Heeler before him,but it likewise show s another side Norms character as she keeps on getting what she needs despite his good faith. 3. Head protectors pet names for Nora were: little songbird, little squirrel, little spends whirr, and minimal feathered. These names show Nora as meager according to Heeler giving her quality sees of creature. 4. Heeler demonstrates to be an individual who wants to set aside cash and stay away from fro going through his cash carelessly, He likewise puts stock in an existence of no obligation and no obtaining. Nora accept sees that cash is for spending. Such a nature, that she has acquired from her dad. She additionally think S that she is permitted to go through more cash now that Heeler is finding a new line of work advancement, and getting g a greater compensation total. 5. How does this set up a system for future activity? This begins to make this the plot. We definitely realize that Nora likes to spend m none to an extreme, and cant spare anything. Hemmer is a man that doesnt like to acquire MO nee, This is the thing that believe will be the issue and whats going to be the issue in t e play. 6. What does Norms coy conduct recommend about her relationship with Hell Nora and Heeler have a steady relationship, and they additionally at times have a genuine and genuine relationship. Heeler additionally minds and reprimands her propensity for burning through none y to an extreme. 7. What scholarly component is utilized when Heeler alludes to Norms father, and what does Heeler say about the dad? Heeler utilizes an analogy to contrast Norms cash going through issue propensities with h re father. He consider Nora to be an odd little soul who consistently discovers some better approach for get chime cash out of him. Heeler likewise says that once she has cash it appears to dissolve in her grasp like her dad. 8. What does the peruser realize when Heeler raises the subject of desserts, saying Hasnt Miss Sweetshop been disrupting guidelines around today? Heeler has really restricted Nora from eating sweetmeats, as he accepts t cap it will destroy her teeth. Besides, she deceives him as she denies needing taken a b tie or two on a macaroon. 9. When the family was shy Of cash, what did Nora do so they could all Caleb rate Christmas? What does this represent, and what does it propose about her chaw acted? Nora sat in a space for an entire three weeks already, evening until long after 12 PM with the goal that she could make decorations for their Christmas tree. Standards doesnt need the family to miss out on anything because of cash issues, and will do anything to everybody e can make some great memories. 10. What does the peruser deduce about the Heeler family decision to have workers in any event, when they are in close financial conditions? Given their conditions, the way that the Heeler family despite everything decides to have e workers can mean riches, class and extravagance, and could likewise say the heeler family prefers to carry on with an agreeable life. 11. When the doorbell rings, for what reason does Heeler say, If it is a guest, recall that I am not at home? He accepts a large portion of his guests show up for demands about their money related arrange Zion and particularly since he has as of late been designated at a high post in the bank, 12. How is Norms stealthiness delineated in her underlying discussion with Mrs.. Lined? He shares the ideal stories so as to keep up notoriety and class in socio TTY. 13. More article happens when Nora talks about Helmets early profession with Mrs.. Lined. What does the peruser find out about Helmets profession? He used to be an attorney yet will begin to work at a bank in the New Year. Didn't get a lot of work as unsure thing however he will begin to get more cash as he e xpect s the activity at the bank 14. What social issue does Mrs.. Lined reprimand Nora about? Mrs.. Lined scolds Nora for her cash spending issues. 15. What does Nora uncover about how she and Heeler have overseen monetarily? How could they collect the cash expected to go to Italy for his wellbeing? What is huge about her remarks? Nora says that them two worked. Heeler was a legal counselor, anyway since he didnt procure enough cash at his office, so he decided to leave, when Nora and he got Mari De. Heeler exhausted himself so as to accommodate the family and fell basically sick. Nor a says she got cash from her father before he passed on to go to Italy. 16. What does Mrs.. Lined concede about her marriage? She concedes that she wedded her rural for the cash and there was no I eve in their relationship. 7. Why has Mrs.. Lined come to Norms house? Mrs.. Lined went to Norms house looking for help from her better half in either getting a new line of work. 18. Mrs.. Lined says to Nora, . You know such a tiny portion of the weights and inconveniences of life. What scholarly gadgets are utilized here? Mrs.. Lined utilizations distortion to come to her meaningful conclusion about Norms experience of the e genui ne world and reality. 19. What is Mrs.. Lindens starting response as Nora uncovers the wellspring of the 250 pounds? What does this discussion uncover about the status of ladies? Mrs.. Lined is bewildered when Nora begins to uncover the wellspring of the 250 pounds and starts to ponder where she got it from on the off chance that it wasnt from her dad. Mrs.. Lined states that t a spouse can't get without her husbands assent, which says that ladies hold a lower status in the public arena than their better half or any man 20. Nora gives Mrs.. Lined a rundown of the wellspring of the assets. As far as the wellhead play, for what reason is this significant? This is relative as a Wellhead play/as a rule contains a solid and climatic bull UDP dependent on the tension between characters through insider facts and misconception. Hen Nora uncovers reality of the cash to Mrs.. Lined. It triggers the climatic and turning g point occasions. 21. How has Nora dealt with her own accounts to address her obligations? Nora has spared a piece up, she has additionally set aside by purchasing the least difficult and chi bugs stuff and sparing the rest to pay her inclinations and portion installment. 22. Why has Norms work duplicating records been so significant? Replicating reports has been significant for Nora, as she follows this activity as her way for money and cash last Christmas so as to take care of obligations, 23. What perils exist in Norms work? Here are a few undertakings to act in her work so she forgets about the e cash she has paid back,the leftover portion she owes keeps on expanding because of quarterly premiums. 24. Now in the play, where is the force assigned among Heeler, Nora, a ND Mrs.. Lined? Right now in time, the greater part of the force is dispensed among Heeler and Mrs.. Lined in detain to Nora. Heeler, in light of the fact that he is uninformed of a Norms mystery, which could crush their family essentially on account of Helmets high virtues, subsequently why Nora has stayed quiet about the acquiring of the cash in dread of the outcomes. Mrs.. Falsehood need likewise has a decent amount of intensity as she is allowed in on Norms mystery and can utilize this to hurt the Heeler family or extortion Nora into finding her a line of work at Tortillas bank. After obtain Eng without her spouses assent, deceiving her better half and finding a new line of work to pay off the demonstrate us obligations, Nora is by all accounts very feeble and stifled by the dread of Heeler and his response to re past activities which she is apprehensive may have desperate outcomes. 25. Who is Sarasota? Sarasota is a legal counselor who experiences extraordinary unsavoriness because of his past. He is CLC firmly identified with the Heeler family as Nora had recently acquired cash from him in or deer to pay for her spouses medicines and the family outing toward the south. He is at present w irritating at an exceptionally low post at the bank, which Dorval is because of join and feels compromised because of the appearance of Mrs.. Lined. He coerces about uncovering her mysteries on the off chance that she will not help greetings m hold his situation at the bank. For a first connection with the crowd, Sarasota pea s to be off threatening and evil character, which might be a danger to the Heeler family. 6. What else could Sarasota go to the Heeler home to talk about? Sarasota remembering that he knows about Norms dull mystery, could have c mother to the Heeler home to examine a raise or an advancement at the bank, which on the off chance that he dosages t achieve with Tortillas help, he will compel Nora to control her significant other. He says he has come to examine bank busine ss yet he could utilize Dorval to help restore his presumed particle in the public eye. 27. What does the peruser realize when Nora and Mrs.. Lined talk about Sarasota? The peruser discovers that Sarasota was at one time a specialists agent in Mrs.. Lindens to win, through which she has known about him. We likewise discover that Sarasota had a miserable marriage and is presently a single man and single parent. A feeling of unclearness is noted when Mrs.. Lined state he carries on different sorts of business, however doesnt give insight regarding this. The is suggests that he drives a private and a potentially unethical life and enjoys fake buss news. 28. What is uncovered in the discussion between Dry. Rank and Mrs.. Lined? It is uncovered that in the public arena in the prior days, ladies were relied upon to be y things and contemptibly and not work. Dry. Rank insults Mrs.. Lined of having some slight inside shortcoming when she states she cannot oversee steps well. Moreover he shows doubt charge when she discloses she hasnt come to town to divert herself with diversions, b UT in certainty to kick for work. 29. What can the peruser construe from Norms question regarding whether all the individuals who are utilized in the Bank are presently subject to Dorval? The idea of Norms question shows that she enjoys when Dorval has power a ND has individuals rely upon him. Her thrilled response to the Doctors answer shows that SSH e needs this to e the case as Ton,lad had recently said that living with obligation implies you are subject to somebody and your life isn't your own, and w

The Crusades Essay Research Paper Crusades were free essay sample

The Crusades Essay, Research Paper Crusades were Christian military undertakings composed mainly to recover Palestine during the Middle Ages. Palestine, other than called the Holy Land, was of import to Christians since it was where Jesus Christ had lived. Palestine lay along the eastern beach of the Mediterranean Sea, and Muslims had assumed responsibility for it from Christians. The reformers, who originated from Western Europe, sorted out eight significant undertakings between A.D. 1096 and 1270. This was a period when Western Europe was spread excursion its financial framework and expanding its military powers. The Crusades were a part of a wide Christian extension movement. Rulers, Lords, and 1000s of knights, provincials, and townsfolks took parcel in the Crusades. They had two closures, to determine enduring control of the Holy Land and to secure the Byzantine Empire, a Grecian Christian imperium focused in southeasterly Europe, from the Muslims. In any case, numerous reformers other than battled to expand their influence, area, and riches. We will compose a custom article test on The Crusades Essay Research Paper Crusades were or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The reformers won a few clashes and built up a reformer land along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, however their triumphs had no enduring result. Be that as it may, the Crusades expanded previously bing contacts between the West and the East. These contacts prompted additional exchange and corporate greed. The reformers neglected to bring through their main finishes. They recovered the Holy Land for a clasp yet could non set up suffering authority over the nation. Western and Eastern Christians joined to battle the Muslims. Be that as it may, dealingss between the two gatherings of Christians, especially as a result of the Fourth Crusade, turned out to be rancorous to such an extent that they prompted a legacy of scorn. The Byzantine Empire tumbled to the Ottoman Empir nutrient E in 1453. In add-on, the pope’s notoriety declined in light of the fact that some Catholic Popes utilized the Crusades for individual and political option. Be that as it may, the Crusades other than enhanced European life. For delineation, they more distant invigorated financial developing by passing on expanded exchange between metropoliss that circumscribed the Mediterranean Sea. The Italian metropoliss of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa succeeded and became incredible by moving reformers and their provisions to the Middle East, where these metropoliss picked up benefits in locale vanquished during the Crusades. Products from Asia went through these regions on the way to the metropoliss in Italy. Western Europeans other than figured out how to develop better ships and accomplish increasingly precise maps during the Crusades. They started to use attractive compasses to state waies. The Crusades were of simply humble significance contrasted with the incredible business augmentation or the ascent of governments in Western Europe. In the leaders of the individuals of the crusading age, by the by, the Crusades appeared to be extremely of import. Antiquarians one time thought the reformers who came back to Europe familiar Westerners with the products and lifestyles in the East. The historiographers imagined that this contact enormously affected life in the West. As an outcome of the Crusades, students of history one time contended, Europeans were acquainted with so much focuses as sugar, silk, velvet, and glass mirrors. Present day historiographers, all things considered, dismiss these announcements. They state that Europeans had known about sugar, silk, velvet, and glass reflects before the Crusades. These historiographers point to a wide total of exchange between Muslims, Byzantines, and Europeans numerous mature ages before the Crusades. Venice, most importantly, had served for some mature ages as a nexus between the East and West.

A few words about Public Service Loan Forgiveness COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A few words about Public Service Loan Forgiveness COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are considering student loans to help finance your studies at SIPA and may later pursue a career in the public or non-profit sectors, the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program could mean considerable savings on loan repayment in the future. Borrowers who pursue full-time careers in the non-profit or public service sectors can have their outstanding student loan balance forgiven after 120 months of repayment (payments need not be consecutive).   This program applies to and Federal Direct Loans (also known as Stafford Loans) or Graduate PLUS loans you may borrow at SIPA. For more information, contact the Financial Aid Office or visit any of these websites: www.studentaid.ed.gov/publicservice http://www.myfedloan.org/manage-account/loan-forgiveness-discharge-programs/public-service-loan-forgiveness.shtml http://www.finaid.org/loans/publicservice.phtml Non-profit or public sector employment may include: A Federal, State, local, or Tribal government organization, agency, or entity; A public child or family service agency; Volunteering full-time in the Peace Corps or AmeriCorps; A tax exempt 501(c)(3) organization; A Tribal college or university; or A private non-profit organization that provides any of the following public services: Emergency management Military service Public safety or law enforcement Public interest law services Early childhood education Public service for individuals with disabilities and the elderly Public health Public education or other school-based services Public or school library services As many SIPA alumni pursue such careers, they may qualify for loan forgiveness.   Please contact us at sipa_finaid@columbia.edu if you have any questions.

Essay on Of Mice and Men - 924 Words

Mykel Pierre Mrs. Crandall American Literature- 2nd 25 March 2013 Of Mice and Men â€Å"Dammit Lennie!† is something I always imagine George saying every two chapters of this story. George and Lennie were both inspired by real people that Steinbeck met when he was a bindlestiff in the 1920’s. The man who inspired Lennie was a mentally unstable who was very nice but also had major anger problems. Steinbeck used a character like this that can be easily controlled so he could use indirect characterization of George and Lennie as alpha male and subordinate to express the theme of friendship. Towards the beginning of the book, Steinbeck immediately establishes George and Lennie roles and friendship. â€Å"They had walked in single file down the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœWith us it ain’t like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We don’t have to sit in no bar room blowin’ in our jack jus’ because we got no place else to go. If them other guys gets in jail they can rot for all anybody gives a damn. But not us.’Lennie broke in†¦ Because†¦ because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, and that’s why.’† (Steinbeck 13). This short passage in the story is a blatant example of friendship as George says how they both have someone who care about the other when most people in their positions aren’t so fortunate. Francisco Castro writes: â€Å"George always is angered by mistakes Lennie does and sometimes wishes he wasn’t with Lennie but he stays because he really needs him and Lennie needs him too† (Castro). This also explains that George and Lennie depend on each other no matter how much George maybe mad at Lennie for misbehaving. In the final chapters, Lennie accidentally kills Curley’s wife which results in Curley trying to find and kill Lennie. â€Å"And George raised the gun and steadied it, and he brought the muzzle of it close to the back of Lennieâ₠¬â„¢s head. The hand shook violently, but his face set and his hand steadied. He pulled the trigger†¦Lennie jarred, and then settled slowly forward to the sand, and he lay without quivering† (Steinbeck 106). Although this might be an odd quote to use, it actually shows that George was doing a favor by killing Lennie in this way so heShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men1242 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Thomas Hobbes in his Leviathan states that, in the state of nature mans life is nasty, brutish and short. In depression era America, no greater truth could be said. There were millions unemployed, largely unskilled and living on the margins of society. The lowest of the low were the migrant labourers travelling from place to place trying to scratch a living. They often had to travel illegally by freight car with all its consequent dangers. Their life expectancy was low, crimeRead MoreOf Mice and Men961 Words   |  4 PagesPeople have a tendency to lose sight of their goals and dreams. Mentally, people struggle to maintain their sanity in this game of life that has no set of rules. In the book Of Mice and Men, this story portrays the inequality between people’s dreams and what can actually be accomplished. John Steinbeck, the author Of Mice and Men, utilizes his general themes of friendship and loneliness, through his deep characterization and connection between characters i n order to illustrate â€Å"The American dream.† TheRead MoreOf Mice and Men1352 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay - Fate or Choice? Choice is defined by the ‘Shorter Oxford Dictionary’ as; â€Å"The act of choosing; preferential determination between things proposed.† It also states the definition for fate; â€Å"The principle, power, or agency by which events are unalterably predetermined from eternity.† Is our life choice, can we determine our fate by choosing our path or is our destiny determined for us? John Steinbeck puts forward this question in his novella Of Mice and MenRead MoreMice and men1998 Words   |  8 PagesHey this essay is about me not having one and just wanting a free account.GCSE JOHN STEINBECK The first 200 words of this essay... à ¯Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¿Of Mice and Men Essay à ¢Of Mice and Menà ¢ is the fictional short novel written by John Steinbeck in 1937. Steinbeckà ¢s perspective when writing the novel could be based on the fact that he had once worked on a ranch and had a certain fascination about it. The novel is set in 1930s America and this can be seen as the cause of the very enduring culmination that takesRead MoreOf Mice and Men1006 Words   |  5 Pagesheart of every novel.† In your view, what are the distinctive ideas explored in Of Mice and Men? Explain how these ideas are developed throughout the novel. Themes are integral and fundamental aspects which render the literature valuable. They usually provide insight into the author’s perception and internalisations of the world in which they live. Set in California during the Great Depression, Of Mice and Men, by Steinbeck, illustrates the hardships experienced by individuals as they roamed theRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN1721 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿In the book Of Mice and Men, the single women that appeared in the book resented herself as an object. The statement Women today are more often treated by men as equals rather than objects can be true or false. A man that goes to Gentleman s Cubs every night is a different man that studies at Harvard Law School. A striper is going to be a different person than a CEO of a successful business. It’s all about how you present yourself. In Of Mice and Men, Curley s wife presents herself in a seductiveRead MoreOf Mice and Men1035 Words   |  5 PagesFriendship of George and Lenny The book Of Mice and Men focuses on the friendship of two migrant workers in California at a time when most of the work was done by people and not by machines.  Ã‚  George was a small man who acted worldly and wise.  Ã‚  Lennie was a huge man that had the mind of a child.  Ã‚  Together George and Lennie would bounce from job to job with no money in their pockets and only the dream of someday owning a place of their own to keep them going.  Ã‚  The two men were not able to stay in one placeRead MoreOf Mice and Men547 Words   |  2 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s landmark novel Of Mice and Men is perhaps best known for its revolutionary telling of two characters that are very different, but have come to rely on each other to survive during the Great Depression. The two characters are men named George and Lenny. George is somewhat of an average fellow who has no real special skills or attributes. Lenny is large and abnormally strong, but unfortunately has the mind of a child. Le nnie looks up to George as if he were a role model. This statementRead MoreMice and Men822 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Of Mice and Men† The Great Depression took place in the United States in the 1930s. Northern California, Salinas Valley was affected by the Great Depression. Many farmers lost their properties and were forced to find other work. Banks were forced to foreclose on mortgages’ and had to collect debts. Hundreds of thousands of farmers packed up their families and few belongings, and headed for California. The Great Depression left many people in poverty and caused them to face unpleasant eventsRead MoreOf Mice and Men1171 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Q- â€Å"I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her† what is the reader supposed to think about Curley’s wife? * How is she described by the other characters? * How the author describes her * How she speaks/behaves * Her dreams * Is she the cause of all the trouble Written By Ruqayyah Draey Curley’s wife is not well described and respected by the other characters. She is often looked down upon and discriminated

Customer Service Environment Is Extremely Important

Listening in any customer service environment is extremely important. However, professional call center agents face extra challenges that brick-and-mortar customer service employees typically don t have to address. Why? Because without using intentional listening techniques while assisting customers over the phone, you risk frustrating your caller before the conversation even begins in earnest. To understand how important it is to train employees the differences between call center interactions and improving in-person customer service, you must dissect how humans communicate in different settings. The first step is to get rid of the notion that communication is simply the exchange of ideas – words – between two people. Effective communication is more than just hearing the spoken words and responding politely. In face-to-face conversations, body language, specifically gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, posture and even silence, provide visible clues that words alone don t reveal. For call center representatives, who don t have these clues, paying close attention to tone, inflection and rhythm of the dialogue helps identify the emotions behind the words that necessitated the call to the service center. Why Intentional Listening in the Call Center is Crucial For Fostering Customer Relationships Seven out of ten consumers polled by Forrester Research say that valuing their time is the most important factor driving a positive customer experience. And, another surveyShow MoreRelatedService Encounter Report1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Service Encounter Report 1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate the services encounter using service marketing perspective. In order to do this report, I had experience few service industries around Kota Kinabalu area. I had took six encounters service as my journal entries and two of the journal entries will use to develop this report which is the most and least satisfactory service encounter. The encounters that I had chosen will reflect different type of satisfactionRead MoreWhat Is Customer Service Satisfaction?1345 Words   |  6 Pagesissues in regards to customer service satisfaction. Modern technology has created a new economic environment, in which requires different practices of delivering customer service. Specifically speaking of the Internet and online shopping. I will begin to analyze and indicate issues research for how, where, and why they take place. Concluding with possible solutions, in regards to customer satisfaction, to the rapidly changing business world. â€Æ' II – Defining Customer Service Satisfaction ExactlyRead MoreIKEA: Business Analysis1255 Words   |  6 Pageswill be affect by the business environment. It includes political environment, economical environment, social environment and technological environment. So let’s start with political environment. Political environment may mean some kind of regulation or legal issue made by the government. Fair-trade and minimum wage will be a good example. For IKEA, we can see any significant impact from the political environment. The next one will be the economical environment. During the economic recession,Read MoreUnited Airlines Slept Analysis971 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness environment and what are its main components? External environment refers to the environment that has an indirect influence on the business. The factors are uncontrollable by the business. The external environment of an organization is those factors outside the company that affect the company s ability to function. Some external elements can be manipulated by company marketing, while others require the organization to make adjustments. Some main components of external environment are: Read MoreMarketing Strategies for a Marketing Information Business1278 Words   |  5 Pagesdepending on the enormous tasks this manager would face it is wise to focus on teamwork here. Other things which would be emphasized here include the name, location and nature of the business, self analysis, customer analysis, and analysis of primary competitors and the study of marketing environment. Name, Location and Nature For our business firm, we have chosen the name of Marketing Solutions. This title is easy for everyone to remember and it also clearly defines the aims, objectives and principlesRead MoreUnderstanding And Acting Upon Consumer Behavior Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesConsumer Behavior – Booking.com Understanding and acting upon consumer behavior is at the core of becoming a successful retailer. Today’s business environment is packed with competing firms, all seeking to convenience customers to choose them over their competitors. Many industries, such as the soda, cell phone, and washing detergent industry are dominated by a just a few or a sole firm. Therefore, more than ever it is difficult to intervene in the habitual consumption of most consumers. A consumer’sRead MoreData Collection and Analysis of Starbucks Coffee Corporation1453 Words   |  6 PagesStarbuck Coffee Corporation Starbucks, as we know, is the largest global coffee company and coffeehouse chain in the world. Employees, otherwise known as â€Å"partners†, serve hot and cold beverages, whole-bean coffee, instant coffee, tea and food to its customers or target market. As a former employee, or â€Å"partner†, this paper will show primarily the overall assessment of the partner morale and assessment of the skills appropriate for the levels of both Barista (entry) and Shift-Supervisor. The data collectedRead MoreMarketing and Strategic Elements1031 Words   |  5 Pagesgenerate revenue and measure results. In non-profit businesses, community service target levels and education service target levels can be used to measure results. Unlike profit seeking organizations that focus on marketing solely to customers, non-profit organizations have to target clients and sponsors. A marketing plan helps to identify the target customer, identify who needs the service, it creates awareness abo ut the services they provide, it creates satisfaction among the community and it helpsRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification Is Important For Airport Workers, Travelers, And The Airlines1498 Words   |  6 Pagesto properly function, it is important for the airport to make an effective plan. Planning which is, â€Å"choosing a goal and developing a strategy to achieve that goal,† (Williams, 2015, p.4) is an approach that will benefit all involved. In this case specifically, it will benefit the airport workers, travelers, and the airlines themselves. The amount of customer-service representatives it takes to handle all aspects of the baggage process is very large. From customer-service representatives taking complaintsRead MorePrice Of A Fast Food Restaurant1570 Words   |  7 PagesMoe’s southwestern grill, like many other businesses, price their food using many different strategies such as value based pricing, cost based pricing and/or competition based pricing. Mo e’s grill is known for their quality of food. Because of this, customers are willing to pay a higher price than they normally would when going to a typical fast food restaurant. Pricing this way is considered value based pricing. There are times when restaurants cannot just use one specific pricing, Moe’s also uses the

Brazil Free Essays

Brazil is perceived as a standout amongst the most multiracial district on the planet that involves a colorful, diverse and intriguing society made up of Local American, Africans, and Portuguese. The reason why I am focus on Brazil is because someday I would like to be apart of the diversity. I believe that understanding their culture better will enable me to develop sensitivity and appreciation towards Brazil culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Brazil or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would be honored to participate in many traditional celebrations such as the annual Rio Carnival, which is one of the world most exciting and inspiring cultural festival in South America. It would be a wonderful opportunity to experience cultural tradition food such as â€Å"Feijoada†, which is consist with black beans and some sort of meat you consider to add to make a stew. In the following cultural resume, I will attempt to present a comprehensive brief summary of the diverse Brazilian culture. This will include providing a broad overview of the country’s profile that will includes the country geography, racial, ethnic and also, with cultural holidays, traditional foods, different languages, beautiful landmarks. Alongside, a summary of the country’s history, political system, educational system and challenges that Brazil is faced with. The second section will be focus on challenging some of the biases and assumptions that I previously held about the country. This will also include an attempt to evaluate how my stereotypes and sensitivity toward Brazilian population has changed, and the major lessons that I have learnt by focusing on this country. Finally, I will scrutinize on the ways that I will make effort to communicate with people that comprise the Brazilian culture. Brazil is arranged on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean. The greatest country in South America running along 5000 miles from coastline to coastline through every edge in South America foresees from Chile and Ecuador. Brazil is on the coastline of Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. The Brazilian scene is enormous and complex, with sprinkled streams, wetlands, mountains, and levels connecting other real highlights and navigating the limits of states and locales. Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world. Brazil’s physical condition and atmosphere fluctuate enormously from the tropical North to the mild South. The scene is overwhelmed by a focal good country area known as the Planalto Focal (Brazilian High countries, or Level of Brazil) and by the huge Amazon Basin which possesses over one-third of the nation. Brazil is a beautiful topical country. The restricted seaside marsh zone ranges from tropical in the north to mild in the south. The cool upland fields of the south have a calm atmosphere and an incidental snowfall. The coolest period is from May to September, and the most blazing is from December to spring. October to May is the blustery season. As of 2018 the Brazilian population is well over 200 million. Set at number 5 in populace among the 193 countries of the world. In Brazil the decent variety of the scene coordinates that of the general population possesses of it which is indigenous people, Portuguese, Africans (which came as slaves). Around 86 percent of the population is urban. How to cite Brazil, Papers

Tool - Lateralus free essay sample

A few years ago, Maynard James Keenan (lead vocals), Adam Jones (guitar), Justin Chancellor (bass) and Danny Carey, came together to produce one of the greatest musical masterpieces of all time Tool’s fifth album, â€Å"Lateralus.† When I play â€Å"Lateralus,† I listen to the entire album, otherwise the broad range of sound is lost. Creating strong lyrical foundations for their instrumental melodies is one of Tool’s strongest points, as they use sophisticated and descriptive language to share their message. Songs like â€Å"Schism† and â€Å"Lateralus† show just how colorful and poetic their lyrics can be as they attempt to explore how we can connect to the world. To help explore the human mind, Tool members practice yoga and other spiritually rooted activities. Tool’s members are not known just for good lyrics, but they also are some of the most progressive musicians I have heard. It takes a great deal of talent to play their lines; to execute them in odd time signatures (like 7/8, 9/8 and 11/8) demands an incredible amount of skill and practice, especially to make them flow and not have abrupt and choppy time changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Tool Lateralus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Lateralus† is the culmination of years of hard work and intense practice, evident in the fact that it is known and loved by thousands across the country.

Science blessing essays

Science blessing essays In the early stages of civilization, man used to be scared of the natural forces like thunder, storm and lightning. He used to worship every object of nature like sky, earth, trees, air, sun and moon and even animals were worshipped. It was because man could not understand the natural phenomena1. He was, dependent on nature. Today, man has increased his knowledge and so has his power. The moon and other objects no longer fills man with fear. The earth has few secrets that are not known to man till date. How this tremendous change has come about? Scientific studies have revolutionized everything. Electricity is one of the many gifts of scientific invention. All one has to do is to press a button and the room gets brightened up, the fans give refreshing air, an air conditioner turns the room into a hill resort. Various kinds of machines are run by electricity: room-heaters, ovens cooking ranges and several other household appliances. Big industrial units and factories which produce countless things of our daily use are run on electricity. Advancement in the field of medical sciences has reduced the rate of mortality. Today, many diseases like cholera, small-pox and even tuberculosis are easily curable with the help of medicines. Surgery can remove tumors and set the human body right is many other ways. Discovery of antibiotics has made the cure of infectious diseases very easy. Open heart surgery and treatment of even cancer have become a possibility. Immunity against certain diseases like plague, cholera and small-pox can be ensured with the help of vaccination. Atomic energy is being used to cure diseases like cancer; radio-active isotopes are increasingly used for this purpose. Today, we are on the verge of cloning of different species. Traveling has become fast, safe and comfortable. Long distances can be covered by aero planes, and fast moving trains, cars, buses, trams and scooters have ...

6 Tips to Overcome Procrastination and Get Stuff Done

6 Tips to Overcome Procrastination and Get Stuff Done We sit down to a new task, open a new blank document, and? Check our email! Noodle through our Facebook feed! Check (really quickly!) to see what time that new film is showing Friday night! Next thing we know, an hour has gone by, and the document is still, well, blank. Here are a few strategies to cut the nonsense and get back to being productive.Click UNSUBSCRIBEIt’s human. Every time you get an email, you just have to check it. Half the time, it’s some pharmacy, or politician, or airline, or an online retailer. Stop wasting your time reading what boil down to, basically, commercials. Take the ad time out of your day and focus on content. It’s like Netflix for your life!Download Spamfighter Pro or MailWasher Pro, or utilize your Gmail spam filter. Take yourself off all those newsletters and lists you never really get anything from, but can’t help glancing at when you should be working.SEE ALSO:  How to Boost Your Productivity at WorkPrioritize your wor kDon’t just work on the thing you’re dreading least; that’s an easy way for really important projects to fall by the wayside. Make a list of all your projects and deadlines, and rank them in order of importance and urgency.Break work  up into chunksToo daunted by that huge new project to start? Break it up into actionable items, make a sub to-do list, and start chipping away at it piece by piece. Make reasonable, achievable goals, and get going. Eventually, the shape of the whole project will start to become clear and you’ll be riding the momentum of making progress.Cut out the noiseDe-clutter your desk. Move your photos out of visual range. Put your phone on silent and stick it in a drawer. Use software like Freedom or SelfControl to keep yourself off the Internet, if possible, or just your worst Internet sinkholes. If you have a really sweet view, hang a curtain you can shut when you can’t afford to daydream out the window.Make a scheduleEstima te how long each of the day’s tasks will take you, and make a schedule for your day. Whether hour by hour or minute by minute, if you need micromanaging, set chunks of time aside for specific activities, including breaks. And don’t forget to give yourself a few minutes to chat to coworkers or check your texts.Look inward to see your flawsUsually we’re most prone to procrastination when we’re avoiding a task we don’t like. Figure out what your procrastination triggers are- and why. Not very good at a particular aspect of your job? Start taking steps to improve, like online tutorials or programs.At the end of the day, your time is valuable. We spend the bulk of our lives at work. Why not make that time meaningful by getting real things done?

Discovery in the Amazon Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discovery in the Amazon - Case Study Example It can also be speculated that the pipeline will give rise to cases of dispossession. The orthodox frame might argue that the pipeline will finally help in the integration of the tribes into the market economy and thus introduce them to the benefits o the development, but a more critical perspective would go further and question, â€Å"what/who has kept them out?† – thus referencing a historical divergence point that has created a global system wherein the wealth of one class limits the development possibilities of the other. In diametric opposition to the claim that it was the birth of capitalism (and the ability to produce capital) that was the turning point in the West and what freed people from poverty, there are arguments that the beginnings of formal property rights was what led to the extinction of customary and collective rights and the deprivation of access to land and other resources of the marginalized. And while the Capitalist-driven frame traces the roots of poverty to the existence of barriers to the market exchange of land and resources, the counter-frame questions the logic of this commodification and exposes the flaws of an unfettered market exchange. This would result in a slew of other human rights violations such as food sovereignty and land sovereignty. Moreover, there is a clear violation of the autonomy and self-determination of the indigenous tribes that occupy the areas in Ecuador to be affected by the pipeline. Western thought has cultivated the notion that there is but one trajectory towards progress and development, and this can be quantified in material terms. Development, according to Western thought, means roads and infrastructure, access to markets and trading, a quality life that approaches, if not approximates Western life as it is known. But this kind of thinking is in itself an imposition of a Western imaginary that obscures equally legitimate ways of living and

Literature review in E-commerce in saudi arabia Assignment

Literature review in E-commerce in saudi arabia - Assignment Example Customer pressure will havelittleornothepreliminaryadoption of e-commerce by business. There is a strong support structure for electronic commerce I Saudi Arabia. The model shows that 81 percent of Saudi customer’ intendeds to continues hopping online and can be generalized across Riyadh .Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness directions can help to improve the models power of prediction and would be better than the original power. Analyze and demonstrates a relationship of the relevant factors that affect the internet customers in Saudi a Arabia and goes on to include a correlation of fundamental influence the trust of Saudi consumers in the electronic commerce, and the indicators of weaknesses and strengths, which influence the elements. And it goes on to show the indicators the weaknesses and strengths that affect these factors Identified eight main barriers to weak after sale support, fear of product un-arrival, unavailability of shipping in vendors websites, website language, no initial experience regarding online shopping, unavailable of house mailing address, payment system issues and high purchasing costs. - The whole research concerning e-commerce in Saudi Arabia was conducted by combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. The approach of mixed technique was applicable on the customers’ samples and retailers. - The study introduced a conceptual framework model, which aims at encouraging confidence in e-commerce retailing domain in Saudi Arabia is a tardy e-commerce adopter and the e-commerce development and is slow in progress in contrast to the leading and developed countries. The elements that influence the adoption of the decisions have been established, but there is limited empirical research that assesses the e-commerce adoption in developing nations in the Arab word such as Saudi Arabia. The study examined the perception of mobile phone users and their concerns

Edgar Allen Poe: A Brief Look :: essays research papers

Edgar Allen Poe from birth January 19, 1809 and death October 7,1849 had made his mark on literary history. He was a genius who went through a very difficult life, which showed in his work. If his life had been perfect we wouldn’t know him as being a great poet. He would just be another scholar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His parents were both actors. Being actors they weren’t well off only playing small roles in third-rate shows. He was one of three children although his older brother had been left to live with another family before Edgar knew him. He was living a normal childhood at the moment. This changed when Edgar was two; his mom had died of tuberculosis. Now him and his sister Rosalie were orphaned. It was not long till Mrs. Frances Allan coaxed her husband into taking in Edgar and raising him. The Allan’s were very wealthy and very able to provide him with the right education he needed to become successful. Mentally Edgar had no one. John Allan never accepted him as a family member he was more of a charity case to him. So really Edgar had lacked any true sense of belonging and never felt loved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyway, he was sent to the University of Virginia. This didn’t turn out well being the atmosphere of campus was more social than academic. There are surviving letters from Edgar to John Allan describing the violence that is seen by Edgar between students. There is also a gambling problem at the campus. Edgar gambled so excessively that John took him out of school and wouldn’t let him continue with his education. He then came home where he found his love engaged to another man. Again he left home; he went to Boston and published a pamphlet of poems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his life he had a few relationships with different women. Including a marriage to his 13-year-old cousin. When he had these relationships he would still pursue other women. They were supposedly platonic though. He was always more fond of poets. Even after he had been able to marry his true love he still continued to see other women. Many had believed he was a drug addict but really he had a brain lesion. Due to this illness he had fevered dreams and intense nightmares. I believe that some of the more strange works that he wrote are also due to his brain lesion.

Eugene Nida

Eugene A. Nida  (November 11, 1914 – August 25, 2011) was a  linguist  who developed the  dynamic-equivalence  Bible-translation  theory. Nida was born in  Oklahoma City,  Oklahoma  on November 11, 1914. He became a Christian at a young age, when he responded to the altar call at his church â€Å"to accept Christ as my Saviour† He graduated from the  University of California  in 1936. After graduating he attended Camp Wycliffe, where Bible translation theory was taught. Later Nida became a founding charter member of  Wycliffe Bible Translators, a sister organization of the  Summer Institute of Linguistics.In 1937, Nida undertook studies at the  University of Southern California, where he obtained a Master’s Degree in New Testament Greek in 1939. In 1943, Nida received his Ph. D. in Linguistics from the  University of Michigan, His Ph. D. dissertation,  A Synopsis of English Syntax, was the first full-scale analysis of a major langu age according to the â€Å"immediate-constituent† theory. He began his career as a  linguist  with the  American Bible Society  (ABS). He was quickly promoted to Associate Secretary for Versions, then worked as Executive Secretary for Translations until his retirement.Nida retired in the early 1980s, although he continued to give lectures in universities all around the world, and lived in Madrid, Spain and  Brussels,  Belgium. He died in Madrid on August 25, 2011 aged 96. Nida was instrumental in engineering the joint effort between the  Vatican  and the  United Bible Societies  (UBS) to produce cross-denominational Bibles in translations across the globe. This work began in 1968 and was carried on in accordance with Nida's translation principle of Functional Equivalence. His contributions in general Nida has been a pioneer in the fields of  translation theory  and  linguistics.His most notable contribution to translation theory is Dynamic Equivalenc e, also known as Functional Equivalence. Nida also developed the â€Å"componential-analysis† technique, which split words into their components to help determine equivalence in translation (e. g. â€Å"bachelor† = male + unmarried). This is, perhaps, not the best example of the technique, though it is the most well-known. Nida's dynamic-equivalence theory is often held in opposition to the views of  philologists  who maintain that an understanding of the  source text  (ST) an be achieved by assessing the inter-animation of words on the page, and that meaning is self-contained within the text (i. e. much more focused on achieving semantic equivalence). This theory, along with other theories of correspondence in translating, are elaborated in his essay  Principles of Correspondence,  where Nida begins by asserting that given that â€Å"no two languages are identical, either in the meanings given to corresponding symbols or in the ways in which symbols are a rranged in phrases and sentences, it stands to reason that there can be no absolute correspondence between languages.Hence, there can be no fully exact translations. † While the impact of a translation may be close to the original, there can be no identity in detail. Some of his theories in detail First major contribution: Dynamic equivalence Nida then sets forth the differences in translation, as he would account for it, within three basic factors: (1) The nature of the message: in some messages the content is of primary consideration, and in others the form must be given a higher priority. 2) The purpose of the author and of the translator: to give information on both form and content; to aim at full intelligibility of the reader so he/she may understand the full implications of the message; for imperative purposes that aim at not just understanding the translation but also at ensuring no misunderstanding of the translation. (3) The type of audience: prospective audiences di ffer both in  decoding  ability and in potential interest. Nida brings in the reminder that while there are no such things as â€Å"identical  equivalents† in translating, what one must in translating seek to do is find the â€Å"closest natural equivalent†.Here he identifies two basic orientations in translating based on two different types of equivalence: Formal Equivalence (F-E) and Dynamic Equivalence (D-E). Principle of dynamic equivalence * General introduction In Toward a Science of Translating, Nida first put forward the principle of dynamic equivalence which he defines as â€Å"the relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and the message† (Nida,1964, p. 59). Following this principle, dynamic equivalence, as defined by Nida, is to reproduce â€Å"in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source-language message†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Nida and Taber, 1969: 12). Nida (1964: 167) particularly stresses that â€Å"a natural rendering must fit the receptor language and culture as a whole; the context of the particular message; and the receptor-language audience†. To put it plain, either the meaning or form should not sound â€Å"foreign†.The essence of dynamic equivalence is the receptor's response, in Nida's own term, â€Å"the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language† (Nida and Taber, 1969: 68). The reaction or response is based on the comprehensive reception of the message, not only understanding the meaning or content, but also feeling in the way the original readers do. By laying stress on the receptor's response, he underlines the improvement to the source text by the receptor's subjectivity and aesthetic sense. The essential features of the principle we must first know about the essential fe atures of this principle and D-E translation. As Nida himself points out, the essential features of D-E translation consists of the following points: (1) equivalent, which points toward the source-language message. (2) natural, which points toward the receptor language (3) closest, which binds the two orientations together on the basis of the highest degree of approximation (Nida, 1964). All these points aim at arousing â€Å"similar response† between the source text readers and the target text readers.A. Equivalent As mentioned above, this aims at reproducing the message of the original text. This is the basic requirement of D-E translation, as is with any other kind of translation. That is to say, to produce a D -E translation, the translator must aim primarily at conveying the meaning of the original text, and to do anything else is essentially wrong to his task as a translator, because translation is basically a kind of communication (Nida and Taber, 1982). B. Natural A D -E translation is directed primarily towards the similarity of response.To achieve this purpose, the translation must be natural, for it is of great importance to arousing in the target readers a response similar to that of the original readers. To be natural, the equivalent forms should not be â€Å"foreign† either in terms of form, or in terms of meaning, which means that the translation should not reveal any signs of its non-native source (Nida, 1975). Nida stresses that naturalness in a D-E translation must fit these three aspects: (1) The receptor language and culture as a whole, 2) The context of the particular message, (3) The receptor-language audience (Nida, 1964). He further remarks: The best translation does not sound like a translation [It should not] exhibit in its grammatical and stylistic forms any trace of awkwardness or strangeness It should studiously avoid ‘translationese' he defines as ‘formal fidelity, with resulting unfaithfulness to the cont ent and the impact of die message' (Nida and Taber, 1982). C. Closest â€Å"Closest† here is of a double nature.On the one hand, it indicates that equivalence in translation can never be absolute identity, because â€Å"loss occurs in all forms of communication, whether it involves translation or not† (Bassenet and Lefevere, 1990, p. 35). It can only be an approximation, because no two languages are identical, either in the meanings given to corresponding symbols or in the ways in which such symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences. Therefore, the total impact of a translation may be reasonably close to the original, but there can be no identity in detail.On the other hand, since equivalence in translation is just a kind of approximation, not absolute identity, it naturally results in the possibility to establish equivalence between the source text and the target text on various degrees or in different aspects. However, it is the highest degree that a D-E translat ion is expected to strive for. In other words, though loss of meaning is inevitable, the translator should try his best to reduce it to the minimum. D. Similar Response This is the principal aim of the D-E translation and all the above three points are directed to it.The term â€Å"response† here refers to the way in which receptors of a text understand the text, including the effect the text produces on them while â€Å"similar response† involves a comparison of two relations: the relation of the target text readers to the target text should be substantially the same to that of the source text readers to the source text. That is to say, the target text readers must not only know how the source text readers must have understood the content of the text, but they should also be able to appreciate some of the impact and appeal which such a text must have had for t he source text readers (Jin Di and Nida, 1984).Formal Correspondence in opposition to dynamic equivalence: Ni da puts forward dynamic equivalence in opposition to formal correspondence. In speaking of naturalness, he is strongly against ‘translationese' as we mentioned Basically, a formal equivalence translation, as Nida (1964, 165) states, is source-oriented, which is designated to reveal as much as possible the form and content of the original message, that is, to match as closely as possible the formal elements like grammatical units, consistency in word usage, meanings in terms of the source context, just to name some. David Crystal, J.R. Firth, Catford and other linguists and translation theorists agree upon the six levels of formal equivalence, namely, phonetic, phonological, morphological, lexical, syntactical and semantic equivalence. We may throw more light on formal equivalence or â€Å"correspondence† by citing Catford's view. Catford and his views of equivalence in translation: Catford's approach to translation equivalence clearly differs from that adopted by Nida s ince Catford had a preference for a more linguistic-based approach to translation and this approach is based on the linguistic work of Firth and Halliday.Catford has defined formal correspondence as â€Å"identity of function of correspondent items in two linguistic systems: for him, a formal correspondent is  «any TL /target language/ category which may be said to occupy, as nearly as possible, the  «same » place in the economy of the TL as the given SL/source language/ category occupies in the SL † (Catford, 1965: 32). His main contribution in the field of translation theory is the introduction of the concepts of types and shifts of translation. Catford proposed very broad types of translation in terms of three criteria: 1.The extent of translation (full translation  vs  partial translation); 2. The grammatical rank at which the translation equivalence is established (rank-bound translation  vs. unbounded translation);   3. The levels of language involved in t ranslation (total translation  vs. restricted translation). We will refer only to the second criterion of translation, since this is the one that concerns the concept of equivalence, and we will then move on to analyze the notion of translation shifts, as elaborated by Catford, which are based on the distinction between formal correspondence and textual equivalence.In  rank-bound translation  an equivalent is sought in the TL for each word, or for each morpheme encountered in the ST. In  unbounded translation  equivalences are not tied to a particular rank, and we may additionally find equivalences at sentence, clause and other levels. Catford finds five of these ranks or levels in both English and French. Thus, a  formal correspondence  could be said to exist between English and French if relations between ranks have approximately the same configuration in both languages, as Catford claims they do.As far as translation shifts are concerned, Catford defines them as â⠂¬Ëœdepartures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to the TL' (ibid. :73). Catford argues that there are two main types of translation shifts, namely  level shifts,  where the SL item at one linguistic level (e. g. grammar) has a TL equivalent at a different level (e. g. lexis), and  category shifts  which are divided into four types: 1. Structure-shifts,  which involve a grammatical change between the structure of the ST and that of the TT;  Ã‚   2.Class-shifts,  when a SL item is translated with a TL item which belongs to a different grammatical class, i. e. a verb may be translated with a noun;  Ã‚   3. Unit-shifts, which involve changes in rank; 4. Intra-system shifts,  which occur when ‘SL and TL possess systems which approximately correspond formally as to their constitution, but when translation involves selection of a non-corresponding term in the TL system' (ibid. :80). For instance, when the SL singular becomes a TL plural .The Priority of Dynamic Equivalence over Formal Correspondence In view of the difficulty in retaining formal correspondence, and of the fact that all communication is goal-oriented, no matter intralingual or interlingual communication, the move from the source's intention to the receptor's interpretation is quite natural and reasonable. So Nida's dynamic equivalence seems a good way to foster the interlingual communication and it is justified to say that dynamic equivalence often has priority over formal correspondence. C. W.Orr likens translation to painting: â€Å"the painter does not reproduce every detail of the landscape†, he selects what seems best to him, and for a translator, â€Å"it is the spirit, not only the letter that he asks to embody in his own version† (Nida, 1964: 162). Merits and demerits of dynamic equivalence theory As is known to all, translation in essence is a kind of communication, and its main task is to let the target reader understand the m eaning of the original text. Whether a translation is good or not depends largely on whether the target reader understands the original message adequately.However, traditionally, the adequacy of translation is judged only on the basis of the correspondence in words and grammar between the source and target languages, and this is sometimes misleading (Nida, 1993). Since translating means communication, evaluating the adequacy of a translation cannot stop with a comparison of corresponding lexical meanings, grammatical classes, and rhetorical devices. In short, it cannot stop with a comparison of the verbal forms of the source and target texts.Instead, it should take into consideration the reader's response and comparison should be made between â€Å"the way in which the original receptor understood and appreciated the text and the way in which receptors of the translated text understand and appreciate the translated text† (Nida, 1993 p. 116). Merits It has a lot of merits to t ake into consideration the readers' response and focus on the similarity between the response of the source text readers and that of the target text readers, which include the following aspects: – Rationality of Taking into Consideration the Reader's Response Since translation is mainly intended for its readers to understand, quite naturally, we should take into consideration how the readers interpret the translation, namely, their response to the target text, and compare it with that of the source text readers to the source text. Only when the response o f the source text readers and that of target text readers are similar can we say that the translation is adequate. If we do not take into consideration the readers' response when judging the adequacy of a translation, it is often misleading.As we know, sometimes what seems to be equivalent translation of the original text in terms of lexical, grammatical features may actually distort the meaning. Most earlier approaches to t ranslation have focused attention upon the relationship of the source text to the target text, whether in terms of form or content. The concept of dynamic equivalent translating introduces an important new dimension, namely, the relationship of receptors to the respective texts†¦. [It] deals not merely signs as signs, but focuses on the ways in which verbal signs have meaning for receptors.It is really within such a context that discussions of transnational adequacy and acceptability make sense (Jin Di and Nida, 1984). In short, taking into consideration the readers' response helps to reproduce the original message adequately and guarantee equivalence between the source text and the target text in real sense. B. Avoiding the Debate over Literal Translation versus Free Translation Whether to translate literally or freely is an issue that has long been debated in the translation circle.Some scholars argue for literal translation while others argue for free translation. It seems t hat the two views will never reconcile with each other. However, it is no use arguing which is better, since literal translation and free translation both have their validity and limitations. Instead, it is more helpful, in the author's opinion, to deal with this issue from a different perspective and provide a principle of translation that can well combine them. In a sense, the principle of dynamic equivalence may serve as an effective means to turn aside the debate.Since it focuses on the similar response, any kind of translation, either literal or free, is adequate, so long as it can arouse the similar response. Thus, the debate over literal translation versus free translation tends to be useless, and the choice between them depends on which can better bring about the â€Å"closest natural equivalent† and elicit â€Å"substantially the same response†. C. Freeing the Translator from the Binding of the Original Verbal Form and Increasing Translatability Languages diff er from each other, and each language has its own peculiarities.Sometimes the ways of using language are peculiar to a certain language. In this case, if the translator focuses on the original verbal form, he is usually incompetent. However, if he turns aside from the verbal form and focuses on the similar response, he can sometimes â€Å"crack the nut†. D. More readable and understandable text The advantage of dynamic equivalence is that it usually produces a more readable/understandable Bible version. Early translations of Bible were sometimes obscure and may reach the edge of unintelligibility as they were keen on preserving the original text. DemeritsNida's dynamic equivalence theory is of great practical value, as well verified by his Bible translation. However, it is not almighty and perfect. There are still some doubts which invite argument. A. The abstract nature of dynamic equivalence as a translation criterion The first doubt cast upon the theory is that it is too a bstract to be used as a criterion to judge the quality of a translation. Nida maintains, â€Å"to measure dynamic equivalence, we can only rightly compare the equivalence of response, rather than the degree of agreement between the original source and the later receptors †¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Nida and Taber, 1969: 23).However, the measurement is intuitive, dependent upon subjective judgment, for how can we know exactly the responses of the source language receptors, particularly if the source text was written ages ago? Moreover, the receptors Nida has in mind are the specific readers of certain text and it is their responses that are required to judge the quality of a translation, but he does not request the average readers of the translation to check with the source text, since they do not know or just know a little source language, that is to say, those who judge virtually are not average readers but the critics of a translation or linguists.B. – The degree of â€Å"naturalnessà ¢â‚¬  in translation Moreover, in speaking of â€Å"naturalness†, Nida insists that the best translation should not sound like a translation, but I think otherwise for two reasons: Firstly, language and culture are inseparable. â€Å"Language is an integral part of culture,† John Lyon says, â€Å"and that the lexical distinctions drawn by each language will tend to reflect the culturally-important features of objects, institutions and activities in the society in which the language operates community that uses a particular language as its means of expression†.As translation aims to enable one to get exposed to foreign works, while you are translating a foreign language text, you are introducing its culture as well. The change of some images bearing cultural features will undoubtedly diminish the cultural load of its language and leave unfinished the task of cultural transmission. By naturalizing the translation, dynamic equivalence, to certain degree, has ignor ed the assimilating ability of peoples.In spite of the fact that differences do exist, the similarities between men are finally much greater than the differences†, and â€Å"all members of the species share primal attributes of perception and response which are manifest in speech utterances and which can therefore be grasped and translated. In sum, to sound â€Å"natural† to the receptor is good, while to keep â€Å"foreignness† or â€Å"strangeness† to certain degree is also permissible. In this sense, as far as the preservation of the cultural elements of the source language is concerned, it is desirable that a translation read like a translation. C. The simplification of the source languageWhat also comes under criticism is that dynamic equivalence risks simplifying the source language, even decreasing its literary value. One of the distinctive features of literary works is the frequent use of figurative language and fresh expressions, and the authorâ €™s real intention is to be sought between the lines. If intelligibility or the communicative effect of the receptor language text is always given the priority and all the figurative images in the source text are left out, or all that is implicit is made explicit, then, despite its intelligibility, the receptor language text reads boring and fails the purpose of literature.Therefore, in translating secular literary works, unlike Bible translation, intelligibility should not be solely stressed. In later years Nida has increasingly realized the problem and in his work From One Language to Another, he no longer agrees to the priority of intelligibility but places equal weight on intelligibility, readability and acceptability. D. Modification of Dynamic Equivalence and Formal Correspondence Aware of the defects in his dynamic equivalence theory, Nida continues to modify and perfect his theories, including those concerning formal correspondence.He acknowledges that any element in con nection with receptor language text is meaningful, including the form: â€Å"For effective impact and appeal, form cannot be separated from content, since form itself carries so much meaning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Nida, 1989: 5). If form is sacrificed, meaning is damaged as well, so he cautions the translator not to easily change the form and asks them to achieve as much formal correspondence as possible, which marks a shift from total neglect of form to attaching certain importance to formal elements.Mention should also be made of his replacing â€Å"dynamic equivalence† by â€Å"functional equivalence† in From One Language to Another. No matter how varied the ways of expression of languages are, he holds, they have the same or similar functions, therefore, functional equivalence seems more accurate and precise. E. Risk of imprecise translation The translator is â€Å"freer† from the grammatical forms of the original language, he is more likely to exceed the bounds of an accurate translation, in an effort to speak naturally in the native language.That is, the dynamic equivalence translations are capable of being more natural and more precise than are formal equivalence translations, but they are also more capable of being precisely wrong. Second major contribution: Componential analysis To determine the meaning of any form contrast must be found, for there is no meaning apart from significant differences. Nida (1975: 31) states â€Å"If all the universe were blue, there would be no blueness, since there would be nothing to contrast with blue. The same is true for the meanings of words.They have meaning only in terms of systematic contrasts with other words which share certain features with them but contrastwith them in respect to other features†. Nida in â€Å"Componential Analysis of Meaning† (1975: 32) categorize the types of components into two main types, i. e. common component and diagnostic or distinctive component. a. Common component. This is the central component which is shared by all the lexemes in the same semantic domain or lexical field. b. Diagnostic or distinctive components.They serve to distinguish the meaning from others from the same domain. A very simple example to explain these two types is provided by the words man, woman, boy, girl, and other related words in English (Leech, 1976: 96). These words all belong to the semantic field of ‘human race’ and the relations between them may be represented by the following matrix. components| man| woman| boy| girl| | [human]| +| +| +| +| | [adult]| +| +| -| -| | [male]| +| -| +| -| | Table 1. Common and Diagnostic Components of the words man, woman, boy, and girl.In the semantic domain of man, woman, boy, and girl, [human] is the common component, and they are distinguished by [adult], [male], [female] as the diagnostic components. The meanings of the individual items can then be expressed by combinations of these features: Man +[human ] +[adult] +[male] Woman +[human] +[adult] -[male] Boy +[human] -[adult] +[male] Girl +[human] -[adult] -[male] Before going further with the componential approach, it is important to consider possible differences in the roles of diagnostic components (Nida, 1975: 38).The differences can be best designated as (1) implicational, (2) core, and (3) inferential. Implicational component are those implied by a particular meaning, though they do not form an essential part of the core meaning. On the contrary, implicational components remain associated with a meaning, even when other components are negativized by the context. The word repent has three diagnostic components: (1) previous wrong behavior, (2) contrition for what has been done, and (3) change of behavior, and the first component is implicational. Whether in a positive or negative context, e. . he repented of what he did or he didn’t repent of what he did, the implication is that the person in question did something wrong . The negation affects the core components which specify the central aspects of the event, but does not modify the implicational component. The inferential components of meanings are those which may be inferred from the use of an expression, but which are not regarded as obligatory, core elements. In the expression the policeman shot the thief, ‘the thief was killed’ is the inference, and without further contextual condition assumed to be the case.However, it is possible to deny this inference, e. g. ‘the policeman shot the thief but didn’t kill him’. At the same time an inferential component may be explicitly stated, e. g. the policeman shot the thief to death or the policeman shot and killed the thief. Conclusion Nida is a great figure that contributed great efforts to the development of Translation Theories. His numerous books reflect a prominent translator and researcher as well. His major contribution was the introduction of â€Å"dynamic equiv alence† which represented a shift in attention of the process of translation.Nida's dynamic equivalence contributes a remarkable insight into translating and helps to create an atmosphere of treating different languages and cultures from an entirely new perspective. The concept of dynamic equivalence, despite having some disadvantages but perfection is inaccessible and the concept really formed a milestone along the road of translation studies and theories Works cited 1. Bassnet, Susan & Andre Lefevere, eds.. Translation: History & Culture. London: Casell, 1990. Print 2. Catford, J. C. A Linguistic Theory of translation. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. Print 3. â€Å"Eugene A. Nida. Wikipedia Free Ecyclopedia. Web. 7 April 2013. 4. Jin Di ; Eugene A. Nida. . On Translation: with special Reference to Chinese and English. Beijing: China Translation ; Publish Corporation, 1984. print. 5. Nida, Eugene A. Toward a Science of Translating. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1964. Print. 6. Nida, Eugene A. Language Structure and Translation. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1975. Print 7. Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture and Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993. Print. 8. Nida, Eugene A. ; Charles R. Taber. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982. Print. .

Research Paper on Suicide - 1571 Words

Kiara Arenas Mrs. Neshan English 2 14 January 2013 The Effects of Suicide Over 38,000 people in the United States die by suicide every year. Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States. It is said that every 14 minutes, another person has taken their life. In this generation, for teenagers, suicide is looked at as a joke until it happens to someone dearly close to them. In that case, it affects them more than actually publicized. Depression is a major risk factor for suicide. Deep thoughts of regret and hopelessness caused from depression may make a person think that suicide is their only way out. I chose this topic because it’s one subject that comes weak to my heart. Regardless if I know the person or not,†¦show more content†¦Most of the time, the way the media handles the coverage on suicidal events, will tell you how society reacts. Not all media coverage on events of suicide help the people coping with the loss nor the people in the community. Another example on how suicide affects others is when someone is bullied into contemplation of suicide. Bullying happens regardless of age. It is not just children and adolescents who bully now a days. If someone is bullied nonstop, one day the thought of suicide may just run across their mind. Dealing with the troubles of the world and also bullying is extremely tough on some people. Once the victim has committed suicide, the tormenter may feel intense guilt. Plus, the bully may receive many threats from those who blame the death on him/her. Besides the fact that the bully is one of the main reasons this person chose to take their life, not one person has the right to threaten them. Being threatened and being blamed may cause the tormenter to go into a deep hate for themselves. I’m pretty sure no one in their right minds will feel okay with the media and community coming at their neck with such spiteful words. Young people with mental health problems — such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, or insomnia — are at higher risk for suicidal thoughts. Teens going through major life changes (parents divorce, moving, a parent leaving home due to military service or parentalShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper On Suicide835 Words   |  4 Pages Suicide is a word that many people like to avoid. Talking about Suicide makes most people very uncomfortable. People commit Suicide everyday. It is an ugly but truthful thing in the world as we know it today. Suicide is the act or an instance of taking one’s own life voluntarily and intentionally. Suicide has become a common method used by many people to â€Å"end their suffering† or â€Å"take away their pain† This research paper will include multiple aspects of suicide. 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